The ten core phrases
Sprechen Sie Englisch?
Do you speak English? — formal register
Können Sie das wiederholen?
Can you repeat that? — ask for repetition
Wo ist ...?
Where is ...? — for directions and locations
Wie viel kostet das?
How much does this cost? — shopping
Ich möchte ...
I would like ... — ordering or requesting politely
Haben Sie ...?
Do you have ...? — asking about availability
Was ist das?
What is that? — for unknown objects
Ich brauche ...
I need ... — stating a need directly
Darf ich ...?
May I ...? — asking for permission politely
Das ist gut.
That is good. — simple approval
Practice
You want to buy something in a shop. What do you ask first?
You want to order a coffee. Which phrase do you start with?
You are lost. How do you begin a question about the train station?
Which phrase asks if a shop carries a specific item?